| SCO's Redacted Memo in Support of Renewed Motion to Compel Discovery - as text | ||
| Saturday, August 06 2005 @ 03:00 PM EDT | ||
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Here's Plaintiff's Memorandum in Support of Renewed Motion to Compel Discovery, refiled by SCO in redacted form, as text. It was originally filed in December of 2004. Our thanks go to Steve Martin for the transcript. SCO's hyperbole is a bit much. It's their style of lawyering, but I never get used to it, and it makes my blood boil every time. For example, this is a dispute about what IBM has to turn over in discovery. IBM has asserted certain objections, which you are allowed to do in discovery. Let me give you an illustration: If the other side asks to see all your letters and emails and phone records to everyone you've ever known or written to since the day you were born, you get to say that they should try to pinpoint more precisely what it is they are looking for, because they're asking you to do a lot of work that can be avoided if they narrow down the field to parameters that make the work load less burdensome. Discovery is not supposed to be a punishment in and of itself, although it's always somewhat annoying. Now, SCO knows the rules of discovery. Yet they persistently and inaccurately, in my opinion, describe IBM's objections as "improper" instead of just saying they disagree with IBM, portraying IBM's objections as if IBM were doing something wrong to object to what it views as overly broad discovery requests. They paint IBM as some kind of sneaky criminal instead of just trying to get SCO to narrow their request. But compare what they say they have a right to have from IBM with what they actually ask the judge to give them in the last paragraph. See how little they end up asking for? In short, IBM objected and SCO then narrowed. That is what happened. There is nothing improper here, unless you find SCO's over-the-top language improper, which I do. They paint IBM as shucking and jiving to avoid their discovery obligations, whereas what really happened is SCO asked for too much. I can only assume that it's written for the peanut gallery, not the judge. Or maybe they figure if they keep throwing mud, some of it will stick, deserved or not. To illustrate SCO's level of argumentation, here's a snip: In disregard of SCO's long-standing document requests, this Court's March 2004 Order, and now this Court's October 2004 Order requiring IBM's executives and Board of Directors to provide sworn affidavits on the issue, IBM has failed to produce documents regarding its "Linux strategy" — which is at the heart of this case — or to explain the glaring absence of such documents in its production.That sounds bad, doesn't it? But if you know what happened, what happened was that IBM was asked for documents, IBM registered its objections and then turned over what they they felt they were supposed to turn over, SCO said it seemed impossible there could be so few documents, and then the judge asked IBM for affidavits saying that was all there was, and IBM provided them. Nobody turns over everything they are asked for in discovery. I've never seen that happen, anyway. Why? Because the plaintiff always asks for more that they think they should get, hoping to get lucky. Only a stupid lawyer for the defendant would comply with an overbroad request. But "overbroad" is a value judgment, so then it goes to the judge. But this is all perfectly normal. SCO's underlying argument goes like this: they won't or can't say what exactly they are looking for, so they want IBM to spend millions of dollars collecting and turning over massive discovery, just so SCO can try to see if maybe there might be something there. IBM is basically forcing them to be more specific. That is what this is all about, and SCO portraying it as IBM "stalling" is just silly. IBM is asking SCO to narrow its scope, and in the end SCO did. This document has a different pagination scheme than we are used to. I don't know why, but the first 8 pages are Roman numerals, and then it starts the Argument section as page 1. It could mean that two different lawyers worked on this, one doing the Argument section, and another the rest, and nobody noticed when they merged that the page numbering was off. I put page breaks in numbering them as per the PDF, beginning with 1. Just so you know. *************************
Brent O. Hatch (5715)
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH
1 The SCO Group, Inc. ("SCO") respectfully submits this Memorandum in Support of its Renewed Motion to Compel Discovery regarding the files of IBM's executive management and SCO's Motion to Compel Discovery regarding its Rule 30(b)(6) depositions if IBM. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT In disregard of SCO's long-standing document requests, this Court's March 2004 Order, and now this Court's October 2004 Order requiring IBM's executives and Board of Directors to provide sworn affidavits on the issue, IBM has failed to produce documents regarding its "Linux strategy" —- which is at the heart of this case —- or to explain the glaring absence of such documents in its production. Neither SCO's document requests nor this Court's Orders leave any ambiguity regarding the broad scope of the Linux-related documents that IBM must produce. Nevertheless, IBM has apparently adopted, unilaterally, an unduly narrow interpretation of its obligations. Moreover, the cursory affidavits that IBM has supplied in response to the Court's most recent Order raise more questions about IBM's discovery practices than they answer. In addition, IBM has improperly refused to produce Rule 30(b)(6) witnesses on several appropriate topics. For example, IBM refuses to provide any witnesses to testify about the nature and extent of IBM's contributions to Linux -— a core issue in this case. IBM's intransigence thus compounds its withholding of documents and proper interrogatory responses to SCO's prior discovery requests that seek similar, critically relevant information. IBM has unilaterally blocked SCO from obtaining even the most rudimentary information that it needs to develop its proof for trial. In light of IBM's longstanding delay on this critical discovery —- and in light of the currently scheduled, impending close of fact discovery (on February 11, 2005) — the Court should order IBM to produce immediately (1) all documents from its 2 executives and Board of Directors that mention or relate in any way to Linux and (2) witnesses who can speak to the full scope of the topics SCO has noticed. BACKGROUND SCO's Document Requests. On June 24, 2003, SCO served on IBM document requests requiring the production of all documents "concerning any contributions to Linux or to open source made by IBM and/or Sequent," and all documents "concerning IBM's contributions to development of the 2.4 and 2.5 Linux Kernel." Exh. A at 10, 11. SCO's December 4, 2003 requests further requested that IBM produce: "53. All documents concerning IBM's decision to adopt, embrace or otherwise promote Linux, including but not limited to the following:a. all such documents in the possession of Sam Palmisano, Irving Wladawsky-Berger, Paul Home and Nick Bowen; As SCO documented in its prior memoranda (of July 6 and August 26) in support of its Renewed Motion to Compel, IBM has publicly adopted a strategy to invest billions of dollars in Linux. SCO has shown that: 3 Notwithstanding the breadth of SCO's discovery requests and the critical importance of IBM's Linux efforts to this case and to IBM's business, IBM has produced very little in the way of responsive documents from IBM's above-mentioned executives or Board of Directors. The Court's March 2004 Order and IBM's Response. After SCO first raised the issue with the Court, on March 3, 2004, the Court ordered as follows: IBM provided a sworn affidavit detailing its efforts in complying with the order, and a statement that its answers and materials provided are given to the best of its knowledge and are complete, detailed and thorough. Exh. D. 4 IBM subsequently produced 1,000 pages of documents from Mr. Palmisano's files (none of which was generated by him), no documents at all from Mr. Wladawsky-Berger's files, no documents from any individual Board members, and only a single presentation from the files of IBM's Board of Directors. The deficiencies in IBM's production were obvious:
The Court's Order on SCO's Renewed Motion to Compel. In light of such shortcomings in IBM's discovery, SCO filed a Renewed Motion to Compel on July 6, 2004. In its opposition brief, IBM claimed: "IBM has collected and produced the non-privileged, responsive documents that were found in the files of its senior executives and its Board of Directors" and has not "improperly 'filtered' and excluded responsive documents." Exh. E at 10. IBM thus asked SCO and the Court to believe that IBM had put into place a multi-billion dollar worldwide Linux business plan, but that neither its Chief Executive Officer, nor its "Linux czar," nor its Board of Directors retained any significant documentation concerning that plan. SCO's Renewed Motion to Compel (and SCO's other discovery application) was heard by the Court on October 19, 2004. REDACTED TO COMPLY WITH COURT'S ORDER 5 REDACTED TO COMPLY WITH COURT'S ORDER The Court's subsequent written Order directed IBM to provide affidavits from "the Board of Directors, Mr. Palmisano, and Mr. Wladawsky-Berger regarding production of all non-privileged documents pertaining to IBM's Linux strategy." 10/20/04 Order at 1.(3) IBM's Responses to the Court's October 2004 Order. On November 19, 2004, IBM produced four short affidavits in response to the Court's October Order. In addition to their various other deficiencies, detailed below, none of IBM's declarations even remotely attempts to explain the absence of responsive Linux documents in IBM's production. 1. Declaration of Samuel J. Palmisano (Exh. G). Mr. Palmisano states that he gave IBM's attorneys access to his files, and that the attorneys searched his files in February 2004. Mr. Palmisano does not suggest that he assisted in any way or that all of his responsive documents have been produced. Nor does he suggest that either following the February search or the October 19 hearing, he or any IBM attorney "looked again" for responsive documents. 2. Declaration of Irving Wladawsky-Berger (Exh. H). In contrast to Mr. Palmisano, Mr. Wladawsky-Berger indicates that he (and his counsel) did look for additional responsive documents following the October hearing. Exh. H at 3. As a result of that further review, and notwithstanding IBM's repeated assertions to SCO, and assertions and certification to the Court, that all responsive documents had been produced, Mr. Wladawsky-Berger declares that he found "two folders" of 6 additional documents on his computer that "may have been overlooked." Id. at 3.(4) He further reveals that even though he and his administrative assistant searched for and found documents that they believed might be responsive to SCO's requests in 2003, IBM did not produce any of those documents because the attorneys concluded that none of them were "responsive to any of SCO's document requests." Id. at 2. Mr. Wladawsky-Berger does not represent that all of his responsive documents have been produced. 3. Declaration of Andrew Bonzani (Exh. I). In response to the Court's Order for an "affidavit from the Board of Directors," IBM has submitted a single declaration Mr. Bonzani, the Assistant Secretary to the Board, who declares that he searched the Board's files in March 2004 and turned over to IBM's outside counsel the documents he believed to be responsive. Mr. Bonzani does not state how many of the documents he turned over were ultimately withheld from SCO as "unresponsive". He does not represent that all responsive documents (even under his "belief" of what documents are responsive) have been produced from the files of the Board of Directors. Nor does he represent that he has made any effort to obtain documents from the individual members of IBM's Board. 4. Declaration of Alec S. Berman (Exh. J). Alec Berman, an IBM in-house attorney, states that he participated in the February 2004 search of Mr. Palmisano's office. He does not suggest that Mr. Palmisano assisted in the review in any way. He does not suggest that he, Mr. Palmisano, or anyone else "looked again" at Mr. Palmisano's files after February 2004 or after the October 19 hearing. Mr. Berman declares that he turned over all potentially responsive documents to IBM's outside counsel, and swears to his "understanding" that more than 1,000 pages from Mr. 7 Palmisano's files were produced, but he does not indicate how many pages or documents IBM withheld from SCO as "unresponsive." SCO's Rule 30(b)(6) Notices and IBM's Response. On November 30 and December 2, 2004, SCO served on IBM Notices of 30(b)(6) Deposition listing, respectively, ten and seven topics for deposition. Exhs. K & L. SCO noticed the depositions for, respectively, December 15 and 16. On December 10, IBM responded and objected. Exh. M. As to the November 30 Notice, IBM refused to produce a witness for topics 1, 2, and 3, and unilaterally narrowed the scope of topics 4-10. Id. at 1-2. As to the December 2 Notice, IBM refused to produce a witness for topics 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, and unilaterally narrowed the scope of topics 5 and 6. Id. at 3-4. IBM represented that the witnesses it would produce were not available to be deposed on December 15 or 16. Id. at 4. On December 13, SCO agreed to postpone the depositions in light of IBM undertaking to obtain deposition dates in early January 2005 for those witnesses that IBM has agreed to produce. Exh. N. 8 ARGUMENT 1. IBM HAS FAILED TO COMPLY WITH THE COURT'S MARCH 2004 AND OCTOBER 2004 ORDERS IBM's now repeated representations regarding the documents SCO seeks are less credible than ever. SCO has repeatedly shown that, given the broad scope and central importance of IBM's Linux strategy, it is simply not conceivable that the individuals at the center of IBM's decision to adopt and embrace that strategy have in their custody and control almost no documents responsive to SCO's requests and the Court's March 3 Order. In addition, having previously, and repeatedly, represented to SCO and the Court that it had looked for and produced all relevant documents in response to the Court's March Order, IBM has now produced two additional folders of documents from Mr. Wladawsky-Berger's files. At the same time, (1) IBM's three other declarants make no representation of REDACTED (ii) none of IBM's declarants represent that all responsive documents have been produced, and (iii) none of IBM's declarants made any effort even to try to explain the absence of responsive documents regarding such a major and evolving aspect of IBM's business. Moreover, Mr. Wladawsky-Berger's declaration indicates that IBM did not produce any of the documents (in hard copy or electronic form) that he had identified as responsive in August 2003, after IBM's attorneys discussed with him "in detail each of the categories of documents sought by SCO through its document requests;" Mr Bonzani's declaration reflects that he did not even attempt to obtain documents from the individual members of IBM's Board; and Mr. Palmisano's declaration indicates that he has not done anything to ensure the completeness of his document production. 9 REDACTED But none of IBM's declarants testified that they do not use e-mail, and none has provided any explanation of why his files are so bare of e-mails and all other forms of responsive documents. Indeed, as noted above, The New York Times has specifically reported that Mr. Wladawsky-Berger sent e-mails to top technology executives regarding the rise of Linux -— but even those e-mails have not been produced. The only plausible explanation for IBM's discovery shortcomings is that IBM has adopted an unduly restrictive interpretation of the scope of its obligation to produce responsive documents. In its Memorandum in Opposition to SCO's Renewed Motion to Compel, filed five months after this Court's March 2004 Order, IBM stated:
Any argument that IBM continues to advance concerning the scope of its document production obligations is meritless. It is difficult to imagine any valid basis on which IBM can be withholding Linux-related documents as non-responsive given the breadth of SCO's requests for: 10 Thus, as the term "concerning" is defined in SCO's requests, IBM was expressly required to produce all documents "relating to, referring to, reflecting, describing, evidence, referencing, discussing or constituting" IBM's Linux activities. Even more importantly, however, IBM's continued assertions concerning the scope of SCO's requests and supposedly unresolved issues of "relevance" disregards, again, this Court's prior orders. The Court's March 3 Order is unambiguous: Moreover, the Court's October 2004 Order unambiguously regards SCO's document requests and March 2004 Order as encompassing "all non-privileged documents pertaining to IBM's Linux strategy." 10/20/04 Order at 1. Of course, the Court's prior orders preclude IBM even from raising its continued "relevance" objections or from continuing to withhold obviously responsive, and centrally important, Linux-related documents. IBM's assertions and discovery conduct thus indicate that IBM has taken a constricted view of its discovery obligations -- a view in which IBM has, once again, unilaterally determined its discovery obligations without regard for the Court's prior orders. IBM's unduly narrow interpretation of SCO's document requests, and its utter disregard for the Court's March 2004 11 Order, is plainly improper. A party may not properly adhere to a narrow interpretation of a discovery request when that party is aware that the requesting party has intended a broader interpretation, even if the written request is "not as broad or, perhaps, as clear as it might have been." Satcorp Int'l Group v. China Nat'l Import & Export Corp., 917 F. Supp. 271, 274-76 (S.D.N.Y. 1996), vacated in part on other grounds, 101 F.3d 3 (2d Cir. 1996). In Satcorp, the defendant's statement that no responsive documents existed defied "common sense" and "boggle[d] the mind"; the court concluded that counsel "was relying on some narrow, unstated interpretation of the written request to avoid production despite his knowledge that plaintiffs' counsel took a broader view of the request." Id. at 273, 276. The court sanctioned counsel. See id. at 278. In light of IBM's continued delay, discovery stonewalling, and disregard of prior Court orders, SCO respectfully requests that the Court specifically order IBM to produce all documents in its possession, custody, or control that refer to or mention "Linux". IBM's intransigence and lack of candor suggest the existence of what IBM views as damaging documents. The Court should compel IBM to produce the Linux-related documents under a clear, objective standard that leaves no room for creative legal interpretation. If any of the files at issue contains a non-privileged document that refer to or mention Linux, SCO should be allowed to see it. II. IBM IMPROPERLY REFUSES TO PRODUCE RULE 30(b)(6) WITNESSES ON SEVERAL TOPICS AND IMPROPERLY SEEKS TO LIMIT THE SCOPE OF OTHER RULE 30(b)(6) TOPICS In response to valid Rule 30(b)(6) notices, IBM has improperly refused to produce any witness to testify on numerous subjects of central relevance to this case. With respect to SCO's Rule 30(b)(6) notice dated November 30, 2004, IBM has improperly refused to produce any witness to testify to the following topics: 12 "1. The extent to and manner in which UNIX Software Products were used, directly or indirectly, in the creation, derivation or modification of any source code that IBM contributed to Linux, including but not limited to the following:IBM objects to each topic "on the grounds that it is vague, ambiguous, overbroad and unduly burdensome." IBM further objects to these topics on the grounds that they seek information "more appropriately sought" through other discovery methods. Exh. M at 1.a. The date and nature of IBM's contributions of source code from AIX or Dynix, whether copied in a literal or non-literal manner, to Linux;2. Identification of and role of IBM employees or contractors involved in the work responsive to Topic 1 above. IBM's objections to these topics are meritless. Either IBM is capable of identifying the code that it contributed to Linux and the nature and manner of these contributions or it is not. Either way, this evidence is directly relevant because IBM's reliance on UNIX-derived AIX and Dynix in developing Linux is at the very heart of SCO's breach-of-contract claims. IBM's objections to SCO's 30(b)(6) topics are particularly untenable in light of IBM's long-standing refusal to produce adequate responses to SCO interrogatories and document requests that attempt to discover the programming history of IBM's Linux contributions. Indeed, IBM has ignored this Court's prior March 3 Order requiring it to supplement its interrogatory responses on this topic, leaving SCO with a list of more than 7,000 programmer names and no contribution information for any of those 13 programmers. Moreover, IBM continues to withhold the document discovery that would permit SCO to investigate for itself the AIX and Dynix origins of IBM's Linux contributions. IBM's discovery responses have thus reduced to the indefensible claim that IBM is not obligated to provide any information concerning the nature of IBM's contributions to Linux or any practical way for SCO to identify the relevant witnesses on that central issue in the case. IBM has also improperly refused to produce any witness on the following topics contained in SCO's amended Rule 30(b)(6) notice of December 2: "1. The negotiation and execution of all license agreements between IBM and AT&T regarding any UNIX Software Product, and any and all amendments or modifications thereto.IBM objections to these topics include IBM's contention that the topic "is vague, ambiguous, overbroad and unduly burdensome," "seeks information that is irrelevant and not reasonably calculated to lead to admissible evidence," "seeks discovery more appropriately sought by other means," and "seeks information duplicative and cumulative of testimony that has been, or will be, provided to SCO." Exh. M at 3-4. 14 IBM's objections to the foregoing topics are improper. With respect to the particular objections that IBM makes on each topic, for example:
IBM's objection that Topic 7 "seeks information that is duplicative and cumulative of information already provided by IBM in response to SCO's discovery requests" is particularly baseless. Exh. M at 4. As explained above (as well as in SCO's pending discovery applications), SCO has long sought to obtain from IBM information regarding the programming history of AIX, Dynix, and Linux, but IBM has improperly withheld that information for over a year. IBM's improper withholding of such discovery cannot excuse IBM's refusal to provide a corporate representative on this critically relevant topic. IBM's improper objection to SCO's Rule 30(b)(6) notice lays bare IBM's indefensible view of discovery in this action and of the federal rules governing discovery —- namely, that SCO is not entitled to any information from which SCO can identify the chief architects of the software products at the heart of this case. 15 CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH MEET AND CONFER OBLIGATIONS SCO through its counsel hereby certifies that it has made a good faith effort to resolve the discovery disputes that are the subject of its concurrently filed Motion to Compel Discovery. On December 17 and December 21, SCO's counsel conducted a telephonic conference with IBM's counsel wherein counsel discussed and attempted to resolve, unsuccessfully, the disputes that are now raised in the context of SCO's Motion to Compel. The disputes that are the subject of SCO's Renewed Motion to Compel Discovery have been addressed by the parties on numerous prior occasions and have been the subject of two prior Court orders. CONCLUSION For all of the above reasons, SCO respectfully submits that the Court should order IBM to produce (1) from the files of Samuel J. Palmisano, Irving Wladawsky-Berger, and IBM's Board of Directors, all non-privileged documents that refer to or mention Linux; and (2) an appropriate witness for the full scope of each of the Rule 30(b)(6) topics that SCO noticed on November 30 and December 2, 2004. DATED this 23rd day of December, 2004. Respectfully submitted,
By: (signature of Brent O. Hatch) BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER, L.L.P. Counsel for The SCO Group, Inc. 16 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE Plaintiff/Counterclaim Defendant, The SCO Group, Inc., hereby certifies that a true and correct copy of the foregoing Plaintiff's Memorandum in Support of Renewed Motion to Compel Discovery was served by mail on Defendant International Business Machines Corporation on the 23rd day of December, 2004, by U.S. Mail to:
(signature) 17 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE Plaintiff/Counterclaim Defendant, The SCO Group, Inc., hereby certifies that a true and correct copy of the foregoing was served on Defendant IBM on the 5th day of July, 2005 by U.S. Mail to:
(signature) 18
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